冠脉搭桥 两种施术方式下冠脉搭桥手术效果的比较

【www.zhangdahai.com--工会社团】

  【摘要】冠脉动脉旁路移植术是治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病,特别是多支病变患者的一种非常有效的手段,对延长患者生存时间,提高术后生活质量有肯定的效果。在体外循环下进行冠脉搭桥术被认为是心脏外科进行心肌再血管化的标准手术,但随着对体外循环相关并发症的认识,在非体外循环下实施冠脉搭桥术逐渐受到重视。目前临床上对两种方法的选择存在争议[1―3]。如何选择最恰当的方法行冠脉搭桥术,既可以使再血管化的效果肯定,又尽可能减少手术给患者带来的风险成为心血管外科研究的热点。本文回顾性的总结两种术式围术期的情况,并加以探讨和初步评价
  Coronary artery bypass graft is a medical treatment for coronary heart disease, especially effective for the patients with multivessel disease. It brings a very positive effect on the extension of survival time and the improvement of life quality after postoperative. Coronary artery bypass graft, a cardiac surgery for revascularization, is considered as a standard surgery under the condition of CPB. However based on the knowledge of CPB-related complications, people attach growing importance to the implement of coronary artery bypass graft in the environment of off-bump. Currently there are clinical controversies between the two curing accesses. So how to choose the most appropriate approach to conduct coronary artery bypass graft, which not only can confirm the effect of revascularization, but can minimize the risks of surgery for patients, becomes a central issue for cardiovascular surgery research. The paper retrospectively summarizes the two kinds of surgical situation during perioerative period, giving further discussion and preliminary evaluation of it.
  
  1对象与方法
  1.1一般资料
  OPCAB组87例,男59例,女28例;平均年龄(62.1±1.7)岁;术前平均左室射血分数(LVEF)为(56.1±11.7),左径直径(4.76±0.57)mm,合并高血压47例,糖尿病26例,陈旧性心肌梗死32例,脑血管事件19例,肾功能不全15例,慢性阻塞性肺病9例。CABG组75例,男51例,女24例;平均年龄(53.9±3.8)岁。术前平均LVEF(66.1±9.7),左径直径(5.03土0.82)mm,合并高血压41例,糖尿病33例,陈旧性心肌梗死29例,脑血管事件7例,肾功能不全3例,慢性阻塞性肺病6例。
  表1两组患者术前一般情况对比
  类别 OPCAB组(n=87) CPB组(n=75)
  男性(例) 59(67.8%) 51(68.0%)
  女性(例) 28(32.2%) 24(42.1%)
  平均年龄(岁) 62.1±1.7 53.9±3.8
  心梗史(例) 32(36.7%) 29(38.7%)
  术前LVEF(%) 56.1±11.7 66.1±9.7
  左径直径(mm) 4.76±0.57 5.03±0.82
  肾功能不全史(例) 15(17.2%) 5(6.6%)
  脑血管事件 19例(21.8%) 7例(9.3%)
  慢性阻塞性肺病 9例(10.3%) 6例(8.0%)
  糖尿病 37例(42.5%) 23例(30.6%)
  1.2手术方法
  全部患者采用正中开胸。OPCAB组OPCAB先取左内乳动脉或大隐静脉与左前降支吻合,以改善左心血供,然后用大隐静脉吻合或作序贯式吻合右冠状动脉桥及左冠状动脉回旋支。心脏固定采用Medt ronic或ATS固定器,吻合口采用分流拴或钝头针弹力线控制出血。术中缝合心包悬吊心脏,以吸引式心脏固定器以及CTS或0ctopusII心脏固定器固定心脏,使用冠脉
  
  分流塞保持吻合视野无血。CPB组均在全麻下正中切口升主动脉插管和右心房插管,浅低温或中低温CPB下进行,心肌保护采用温血(血:晶为4:1)停搏液经主动脉根部及桥血管灌注。心脏停搏下完成远心端吻个:跳后钳夹井主动脉侧壁,完成静肪桥升主动脉近端吻合。血流量仪(Medstim BF 004,M dstim,Oslo,Norway)测定时根据不同血管直径选用相应探头,测LIM A多用2mm,测SVG或RA多用3-4mm,测量同时于AUX接口监测心电图。CABG的TTFM测定在停机后进行,OPCAB在每完成一支血管桥吻合后进行,远端吻合补针或血管桥进行特殊处理后均进行再次测定。
  1.3术后观察指标
  比较两组死亡人数,气管插管时间,平均输血量,肾功能等。
  1.4统计学方法
  所有数据资料均用SPSSl2.0软件包处理分析,数据采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,检验水准α=0.05。
  2结果
  OPCAB组与CABG组在年龄、术前合并脑血管事件、肾功能不全方面有显著性差异,但在合并糖尿病、高血压、陈旧性心肌梗死、陈旧性脑梗死、慢性阻塞性肺病及LVEF方面无显著性差异。两组术中术后早期临床效果、术后并发症及早期死亡率的比较见表2。OPCAB组及CABG组平均搭桥支数无明显区别,但CABG搭桥支数有上升趋势;平均动脉桥数亦无明显区别。术后死亡率两组无差别;而术后平均机械通气时间、住ICU时间、术后需输血比例以及术后并发症(房颤、低心排综合征、二次开胸止血、床旁透析、脑血管事件)OPCAB组较CABG组少且有显著性差异(P   
  表2两组患者术中及术后临床结果的比较(x±s)N=162例
  项目 OPCAB组(n=87) CABG组(n=75) P值
  搭桥支数 3.2土0.8 3.3土0.7 >0.05
  机械通气时间(h) 4.2土2.5 12.6土8.7 24h(例) 13 42 0.05
  床旁透析 0 1 0.05
  
  表4两组围术期尿NAG指标比较(x±s,U/L)
  组别 例数 手术前 手术后即刻 手术后2h 手术后24h
  CABG组 75 14.42±3.18 29.27±7.14a 15.13±5.16 14.63±5.16
  OPCAB组 87 14.21±5.26 13.78±4.73 14.35±4.71 14.32±4.46
  注:与OPCAB组比较,P24h例数、术后输血、ICU天数、住院天数及术后发生房颤、低心排综合征、床旁透析、脑血管意外比CABG组少。OPCAB比CABG有许多优点和良好的临床效果[16]。
  总之,OPCAB是一种安全、有效的手术方式,但需要较熟悉的手术技巧[17];相信随着心脏外科技术水平的不断提高,非体外循环冠脉搭桥术的适用范围将越来越广,但其远期效果有待于多中心、大样本、前瞻性的进一步研究。
  
  
  参考文献
  [1] Khan NE,De Souza A,Mister R,et al,A randomized comparison Of off-pump and on pump Multivessel coronary-attery bypass surgery[J1.N Engl J Med,2004,350(1):21-28.
  [2] KK,PopovicZB,Troughton RW,Comparison of Left ventricular diastolic Function after on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.Am J Cardiol.2005;95(5):647-650.
  [3] Pegg TJ,Selvanayagam JB,Karamitsos TD,et al.Effects of off-pump versus on-pump corenary artery bypass grafting on early and late right ventricular function.Circulation.2008;117(17):2202-2210.
  [4] Herzog WR,Farb A.Severe coronary artery disease:is there a place for percutaneous coronaryintervention Pol Arch Med Wewn.2009;19(6):397-402.
  [5] Carnero Alcazar M,Alswies A,Silva Guisasola JA,et al.Clinical outcomes with off-pump coronary Surgery after angioplasty with stent.Rev Esp Cardi01.2009;62(5):520-527.
  [6] Eckhardt AL,Swanlund SL.et al.On vs off:perceptions of four patients" experiences of coronary Artery bypass surgery.[J]Prog Cardiovasc Nurs.2008;23(4):178-183.
  [7] Kim KB,Kang CH,Lim C,etal.Prediction ofgraftflow impairment by intraoperative transittime flow measurementin off-pump coronary artery bypassusing arterialgrafts.Ann ThoracSurg,2005,80:594-599.
  [8] Cohn L H,Edmunds L H J r,et al.Cardiac Surgery in the Adult[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,2003:581―607.
  [9] Jensen BQ,Rasmussen LS,Steinbrachel DA. Cognitive outcomes in elderly high-risk patients 1year after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.A randomized trial.Eur J CardiOthorac Surg.2008;34(5):1016-1021.
  [10] KUnt AS, Darcm OT,Andac MH. Coronary artery bypass surgery in high-risk patients.Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med.200526;6:13.
  [11] Place DG,PeragallO RA,Carroll,J,et al.Postoperative atrial fibrillation:a compason of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery and conventional coronary artery bypass graftsurgery.[J]. Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth.2002Apr;16(2):144-148.
  [12] Guder WG,Hofmann W.Markers for the diagnosis of renal tubular lesions.Clin Nephro1.1992; 38(Suppl 1):S3-S7.
  [13] Berthus G,Anne H,Gerjan N,et al.Off-pump coronary revascularization attenuate transient renal damage compared with on-pump coronary revascularization.Chest, 2002,121:1190-1194. retrospective observational study.Lscu,a¨zaUon.Chest,
  [14] Mouton R,Finch D,Davies l,et al.Effect of aprotinin on renal dysfunction in patients undergoing on-pump and off-pump cardiac surgery:a retrospective observationalstudy.Lancet.2008;371(9611):475-82
  [15] Gianoli M,FormiCa F,Ferro O,etal.The early outcome in patientsundergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting:our experience.ltalHeartJ,2005,6:640-646.
  [16] Vohra HA,Bahrami T,Farid S,Mafi A,et al.Propensity score analysis of early and late outcomeAfter redo off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.Enr J Cardiothorac Srug. 2008;33(2):209-214
  [17] Lee JD,Lee SJ,TsusNma WT,et al.Benefit s of off-pump bypass on neurologic and clinical morbidity:a prospective randomized t roal[J].Ann Thorac SUrg,2003,76(1):18225.

推荐访问:两种 搭桥 手术 效果

本文来源:http://www.zhangdahai.com/gongwendaquan/gonghuishetuan/2019/0327/38515.html

  • 相关内容
  • 热门专题
  • 网站地图- 手机版
  • Copyright @ www.zhangdahai.com 大海范文网 All Rights Reserved 黔ICP备2021006551号
  • 免责声明:大海范文网部分信息来自互联网,并不带表本站观点!若侵害了您的利益,请联系我们,我们将在48小时内删除!