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摘要选取34个景点、13个气象要素，建立34×13的时间空间原始矩阵场，进行经验正交函数分解，计算各要素对旅游环境气候的影响贡献特征值，确立评价旅游气候资源的显著要素;采用模糊数学分析方法计算各要素的旅游适宜度，根据旅游气候适宜度，分析铜仁市旅游气候资源;引入特吉旺生态旅游气候舒适度评价方法，对各旅游景点气候舒适度指数进行评估。结果表明，铜仁市境内气象要素空间分布差异明显，构成了铜仁市特殊的立体气候资源，为境内生物的多样性提供了气候保障，也为铜仁生态旅游提供了不可多得的气候资源;影响铜仁市旅游环境气候的显著要素主要有多年平均气温、极端最高气温多年平均、极端最低气温多年平均、多年平均年降水量、相对湿度多年平均、多年平均风速、多年平均气压、多年平均日照时数等8个气候因子，8个气候因子综合适宜度除800 m海拔以上的景点在0.9以下外，其他均在0.9以上，800～2 300 m海拔的景点旅游气候适宜度在0.7～0.8，说明铜仁市大部区县适合发展旅游产业，但因季节的变化，对旅游活动的开展有一定的选择限制;铜仁市各旅游景点的气候舒适度指数主要有-2（稍冷）、-1（凉）、0（舒适）、+1（暖）、+2b（闷热）5种类型，适宜的舒适度指数主要分布于3～11月;铜仁市各地均在适宜旅游气候环境内，约80%具有最优的旅游气候资源，有5%具有次优旅游气候资源，其余15%具备适宜旅游气候资源。
关键词旅游气候;资源分析;评估;铜仁市
中图分类号S161文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）01-160-06
Research on the Analysis and Evaluation about Tourism Climate Resources in Tongren City
YAN Lihua， MAO Haixiang， ZHOU Changzhi et al
（Tongren Meteorological Administration， Tongren， Guizhou 554300）
AbstractThe significant elements of the tourism climate resources evaluation have been fixed by establishing the 34 X 13 original matrix field of the time and space about the 34 scenic spots， 13 meteorological elements， and doing EOF analysis. According to the tourism climate suitability that calculated by using the fuzzy mathematical analysis， we have done the analysis of the tourism climate resources to the Tongren City. The tourism climate comfort indexes have been evaluated by using the W. H. Terjung tourism ecological comfort evaluation method. The results showed that： The spatial distribution of meteorological elements in Tongren City is different. It constitutes the stereoscopic climate resources of Tongren City， and provides the safeguard for the diversity of biological climate within the territory， also provides a rare climate resource for Tongren ecological tourism; The significant elements of tourism climate in Tongren City are mainly 8 climate factors： many years average temperature， extreme maximum temperature， average years of extreme minimum temperature， average years of average annual total precipitation， relative humidity， average years of average wind speed， average air pressure， average annual sunshine hours. The 8 climatic factors comprehensive suitability all above 0.9， in addition the above 800 meters scenic spots， the tourism climate suitability of scenic spots between 800 to 2 300 meters are in 0.7 - 0.8. Above all shows that： most of the districts and counties of Tongren City are suitable to the development of tourism industry， but there is a certain restriction because of the change of season. About the tourism climate suitability index in Tongren City， there are mainly -2 （colder）， -1 （cool）， 0 （comfortable）， +1 （warm）， +2b （hot） 5 types， and these suitable index distribute mainly between 3 and 11 month. Around the Tongren City all are in the appropriate tourism climate environment， the suitable rate of all Tongren of the best tourist climate resources， the suboptimal tourism climate resource， the appropriate tourism climate resources are about 80%， 5%， 15%.
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