【2004~2009年临床分离肺炎链球菌的血清型/群分布及耐药性监测】肺炎链球菌血清型

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  [摘要] 目的:了解当前本院临床分离肺炎链球菌的血清型/群分布及耐药趋势,为临床合理使用抗生素提供参考。方法:以2004~2009年临床分离的822株肺炎链球菌为研究对象,采用荚膜肿胀试验进行血清分型/群,E-test检测菌种对青霉素、头孢呋辛、头孢地尼、头孢克罗、红霉素、四环素、左氧氟沙星、万古霉素等8种抗生素的敏感性。结果:2004年青霉素不敏感肺炎链球菌(PNSP)的分离率为49.4%,并呈逐年上升趋势,至2006年PNSP分离率高达67.8%,2009年下降至51.0%。822株肺炎链球菌最常见的型/群是19群,其次是23、6、14、3、其他。PNSP在6种血清型/群中所占的比例在2004~2009年期间无显著性变化(P>0.05)。肺炎链球菌对其他β内酰胺类抗生素的非敏感趋势类似青霉素,对红霉素、四环素的非敏感率始终在60%以上,其中青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌(PRSP)对红霉素和四环素几乎100%耐药,对左氧氟沙星、万古霉素的非敏感率均<3%。结论:临床分离肺炎链球菌以19群、23群、6群、14群、3群常见;对β内酰胺类抗生素的非敏感率自2007年呈下降趋势,且对左氧氟沙星、万古霉素始终具有较高的敏感性。
  [关键词] 肺炎链球菌;血清型/群;耐药性;抗生素
  [中图分类号] R378.1+2[文献标识码]A [文章编号]1674-4721(2011)03(b)-009-03
  
  Surveillance on serotype/serogroup distribution and the antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical patients between 2004-2009
  ZHANG Xuehua
  Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital of Yiyang City in Hunan Province, Hunan Province, Yiyang413000, China
  [Abstract] Objective: To investigate serotype/serogroup distribution and the trend of antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from patients hospitalized for pneumonia in our hospital, so as to provide guidance for rational clical treatment. Methods: 822 strains of S.pneumoniae were collected from 2004 to 2009. Minimal inhibition concentrations(MIC) of penicillin, cefuroxime, cefdinir, cefaclor, erythromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, vancomycin were determined by E-test. And the isolates were serotyped with the quellung reaction. Results: The prevalence of PCG-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP) isolates increased gradually from 49.4% in 2004, reaching a statistical peak in 2006 (67.8%), then decreasing to 51.0% in 2009. Among 822 strains of S. pneumoniae, the most prevalent serogroups/serotypes were type 19, 23, 6, 14, 3, others. The distribution of 6 serotypes in PNSP isolates was not statistically different between years (P>0.05). The prevalence of S.pneumoniae isolates nonsusceptible to other β-lactam antibiotics, similar to penicillin. The prevalence of strains nonsusceptible to erythromycin and tetracycline were consistently>60%. Almostly all PCG-resistant S.pneumoniae (PRSP) were resistant to both erythromycin and tetracycline throughout the period. The prevalence of strains resistant to levofloxacin and vancomycin were <3% over the period. Conclusion: Serotype/serogroup 19, 23, 6, 14, 3 are the commom types among the S.pneumoniae. Decreased prevalence of β-lactam resistant strains has been occurring since 2007. And These S.pneumoniae strains are highly sensitive to levofloxacin and vancomycin consistantly.
  [Key words] Streptococcus pneumoniae; Serotype/serogroup; Antimicrobial resistance; Antibiotics
  肺炎链球菌(streptococcus pneumoniae,SP)是社区获得性肺炎、脑膜炎、中耳炎等的常见致病菌,根据荚膜多糖不同的抗原性,分为46个血清群和90个血清型,且其分布具有地域差异性[1]。长期以来,青霉素等β内酰胺类抗生素是治疗肺炎链球菌感染的首选药物,但从20世纪70年代,南非、西班牙报道分离出耐青霉素肺炎链球菌以来, 对青霉素不敏感的菌株呈现不断增长的趋势[2]。同时,世界各地有关肺炎链球菌对3种或3种以上抗菌药同时耐药的多重耐药菌株的研究报道明显增加[3]。近年来,国内也有多个肺炎链球菌的耐药性监测报道,其青霉素不敏感率存在一定差异,且对儿童分离菌株血清型/群的研究较多[4-5]。因此,本研究将2004年1月~2009年12月收集的从本院住院肺炎成人患者临床分离的肺炎链球菌822株进行血清学分型及临床常用抗菌素的药敏测定,用以指导临床合理用药,现报道如下:
  1 材料与方法
  1.1 细菌来源与鉴定
  2004年1月~2009年12月收集的从本院住院肺炎成人患者临床分离的肺炎链球菌822株,菌株标本来源包括:769株从痰培养分离,38株从血培养分离,3株从脑脊液分离,12株取自分泌物。所有菌株均采用法国生物梅里埃公司的API细菌鉴定系统进行鉴定。
  1.2 药敏试验
  采用E试验最小抑菌浓度(MIC)法对分离的菌株进行8种抗生素药敏试验,包括青霉素、头孢呋辛、头孢地尼、头孢克罗、红霉素、四环素、左氧氟沙星、万古霉素,药敏培养基:Mueller-Hinton(英国Oxoid公司)加5%脱脂羊血,25 ml/90 mm平皿,判断标准按照美国临床实验室标准化研究所(CLSI)M100-S20标准执行(表1),根据青霉素敏感性分为青霉素敏感肺炎链球菌(PSSP)、青霉素中介肺炎链球菌(PISP)和青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌(PRSP),青霉素不敏感肺炎链球菌(PNSP)包括PISP和PRSP。药敏质量控制株为肺炎链球菌ATCC49619。
  1.3 血清型分型
  通过荚膜肿胀反应(quellung reaction)对其进行血清学分型,诊断血清购自丹麦Statens Serum institut。
  1.4 统计学处理
  耐药性分析采用世界卫生组织细菌耐药性监测中心推荐的WHONET5.4软件,非敏感率及血清型/群构成比的比较采用SPSS 17.0软件处理,采用χ2检验进行统计学分析,P   [2]Suzuki K,Nishimaki K,Okuyama K,et al.Trend in Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Tohoku District of Japan:A Longitudinal Analysis from 1998 to 2007[J].Tohoku J.Exp.Med,2010,220(1):47-57.
  [3]丁晶晶,施毅.耐青霉素肺炎链球菌的研究进展[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2008,8(1):68-71.
  [4]姚开虎,王立波,赵根明,等.住院肺炎患儿不同血清型肺炎链球菌对抗菌药物的耐药性分析[J].临床儿科杂志,2009,27(6):524-533.
  [5]蒲江,杜琳.肺炎链球菌及其疫苗研究[J].临床肺科杂志,2010,15(3):381-382.
  [6]Jae-Hoon S,Sook-In J,Hyun K,et al.Clinical outcomes of pneumococcal pneumonia caused by antibiotic resistant strains in asian countries:a study by the asian network for surveillance of resistant pathogens[J].Clin Infect Dis,2004,38(11):1570-1578.
  [7]董一山,黄文祥,章成,等.重庆地区临床分离肺炎链球菌血清型及耐药分析基因多态性[J].中国抗生素杂志,2010,35(1):59-64.
  [8]赵瑞珍,郑跃杰,邓秋莲,等.广东省深圳社区获得性肺炎患儿肺炎链球菌的血清群/型的分布及其耐药性[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2010,10(3):205-208.
  [9]Noguchi N,Tano J,Nasu Y,et al.Antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of resistance genes for beta-lactama and macrolides in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated between 2002 and 2004 in Tokyo[J].Int J Antimicrob Agents,2007,29(1):26-33.
  [10]姚开虎,王立波,赵根明,等.四家儿童医院住院肺炎病例肺炎链球菌分离株的耐药性监测[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2008,10(3):275-279.
  (收稿日期:2010-12-30)

推荐访问:耐药性 链球菌 肺炎 监测

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