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社会语言学1篇
第一篇: 社会语言学
TheRelationshipbetweenLanguageandCultureIIntroduction
Languageemergesanddevelopswiththeemergenceanddevelopmentofsociety.Firstlyandsimply,itisusedasatoolforhumancommunication.Besides,itisamirrorofpeople’sthoughts.Thatistosay,individually,apersoncanexpresshisideastoothersbythewayofspeakingorwritingdownthewords.Furthermore,languageisalsorelatedtoculture.Thethingis:howare“language”and“culture”relatedtoeachotheranddoeslanguagedeterminecognition?.Thispaperisgoingtodiscusstherelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureandanswerthesecondquestion.
IIBody
Languageandcultureareinseparablepairofsocialphenomenonwhichisuniquetohumansociety.Languagecannotbecutoutfromthecultureasawholeforlanguageitselfispartoftheculture.Languageandcultureco-exist,theyinteracteachother,influenceeachother.Themoreknowledgeapersonknowsaboutlanguage,themorehecanknowtheworldaroundhim,especiallyhisabstractthinking.Languagedeterminescognitioninacertainsense.
1Languageisasocialandculturalphenomenonandthecarrierofculture
Languageisaguidetosocialreality.Theformationanddevelopmentofcultureareimpossiblewithoutlanguage.Allthepreviousworkandlifeexperiencearestoredinlanguage.Nationalcultureisinheritedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughvariousforms,especiallyandimportantlythroughusinglanguage.Itislanguagethatreflectsandpreservesculture.Wecangettoknowpeople’sawarenessofandattitudestowardtheobjectiveworldbyvirtueofthelanguagetheyspeak.Forexample,“bat”is,bywesternpeople,seenastheevilanddarkforcesassociatedwithdevil.Wecanusuallyseeinsomeforeignfictionsormoviesswarmsofbatsflyoutwithstrangeandghastfulnoiseswhenevil-doersandghostsoccur.WhileinChina,itisauspicious,thisisbecause“bat”and“Fu”inChinesearehomophone.“Fu”inChinesemeans“lucky”“happiness”“beauty”.Fromthisexamplewecanseethatthesamethingcanconveydifferentmeaningsculturally.Thus,whenlatergenerationarelearningnationallanguage,they,actually,arelearningnationalcultureandtraditions.
2languageitselfispartofculture
Phoneticsound,vocabularyandgrammar,partsoflanguagesystem,arerelatedtonationalculture.Differentgroupsofpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingoftheobjectiveworld,sothemeaningsofconceptselementsoftheirlanguagesystem
representareconfinedtohistoricalandculturalconditions.We,usually,cannotfindtheequivalenceintwolanguagesystems.Take“yellow”asanexample.Indifferentnations,“yellow”possessesdifferentmeanings.Asinmanywesterncountries,“yellow”cannotrefertonoble,richandrespectable.So,itishardtotranslateonelanguageintoanotherone.
3languagedeterminesthoughtinsomedegree
.
Thenotionthatlanguagedeterminesthoughtmaybecorrectinsomedegree,butitdoesn"tincludethefactthatusersofalanguagedonotinheritafixedsetofpatternstouse.Ifthinkingandperceptionweretotallydeterminedbylanguage,thentheconceptoflanguagechangewouldbeimpossible.Becausethehumanbeingshavethesamebodyformandperceptionalapparatus,theyhavethesameperceptiveandcognitiveabilitywhentheyfacethesamematerialworld.Thustheycangetthesimilarconceptualstructure.Thegeneralityofthelanguagedoesn"tlieinthelinguisticform,butinthecognitivepsychologyofhumanbeing.Accordingtothesamephysicaldeviceofthesenseorgan,thehumanbeingshavethesamesenseexperienceandpsychologicalreflection.Andthesedeterminethattheyhavethesamethoughttendency.Thusinacertainlinguisticandsocialculture,thebasiccategoryandstereotype,thecategorystructureisrelativestable.Andthesuccessfulcommunicationindicatesthatthehumanbeingshavethesimilarcognitivecontext.
4Languageandcognition
languageisrelatedtocognition,andcognitioninturnisrelatedtotheculturalsetting.Thelanguagereflectsthedevelopmentofthecognitiveability,thedevelopmentofthelinguisticcompetencecannotexistbeforethedevelopmentofthecognitiveability.Theknowledgecamefromtheexperienceoftheworld,.Linguisticstructureandfunctionsistheproductoftheexperiencesofthehumanbeings.Thereisnodirectrelationshipbetweenthelanguageandtheobjectiveworld.Themediumbetweenthemistheconceptbasedonthehumanexperiences,solinguisticabilityisnotanindependentformthatexistsbeyondthehumanexperiences.Itisonepartofthecognitivedevice.Asforthesamematerial,thecognitionexistsbeforethelanguage.Languagecouldn"tincludeallthecognitiveability.,norcanitdeterminethedevelopmentofthecognitiveability.Thelanguagecanpromotethedevelopmentthecognition.Thedevelopmentofthelanguagedependsonthecognition.Andthoughtcannotexistbeyondthenaturallanguageofhumanbeing.
IIIConclusion
Generallyspeaking,languageandcultureareinterdependent,theyinteracteachother,theyinfluenceeachother.Languagedeterminesthoughtinacertainsense.Languageandcognitionarerelatedtoeachother.It’sveryimportantforustoknowitsculturewhenwewanttomasteranationallanguage.
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