单纯疱疹病因_不孕症妇女单纯疱疹病毒和巨细胞病毒感染的检测与分析

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  【摘要】 目的 探讨不孕症妇女单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)和巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染情况。方法 采用酶联免疫斑点技术对不孕症妇女血清进行HSV和CMV 特异性IgM、IgG抗体检测,并与同期早妊妇女作对照。结果 不孕组血清HSV和CMV特异性IgM、IgG抗体阳性率分别为6.75%、97.47%,4.22%、96.62%;早妊组阳性率分别为1.81%、95.02%,0.90%、98.19%。不孕组HSV-IgM、CMV-IgM抗体阳性率明显高于早妊组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HSV、CMV活动性感染与不孕症密切相关,可能是导致女性不孕的原因之一。
  【关键词】 单纯疱疹病毒;巨细胞病毒;不孕症;病毒感染
  Detection and analysis of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infection in infertile women LIU Li, LIANG Zhi-qiang. The First People"s Hospital of Jining, Shandong27111, China
  【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the infection of herpes simplex virus(HSV)and cytomegalovirus(CMV)in infertile women.Methods Detection of anti-HSV/CMV IgM and IgG in the serum of infertile women and early pregnant women by ELISPOTS.Results The anti-HSV/CMV IgM and IgG positive rates of infertile women were 6.75%, 97.47%, 4.22% and 96.62%, while those rates in early pregnant women were 1.81%, 95.02%, 0.90% and 98.19%. The levels of anti-HSV/CMV IgM in the serum of infertile women were significantly higher than those in the early pregnant women(P0.05).Conclusion Which suggested that HSV and CMV active infections are closely related to infertility, and these infections may contribute to female infertility.
  【Key words】 Herpes simplex virus; Cytomegalovirus; Infertility; Virus infection
  单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)和巨细胞病毒(CMV)在人群中的感染十分广泛,孕妇感染HSV、CMV后,可导致流产、早产、死胎、胎儿畸形以及新生儿智力障碍等。HSV和CMV还是重要的性传播病毒, 并可引起育龄妇女生殖系统感染,其危害性已受到人们的普遍重视。为了解不孕症妇女HSV、CMV感染情况,我们应用酶联免疫斑点技术对237例不孕症妇女血清进行HSV和CMV特异性IgM、IgG抗体检测,并与221例同期早妊妇女进行比较,探讨HSV、CMV感染与不孕症的关系。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料 2009年1~12月本院妇产科和生殖科确诊的不孕症妇女237例,其中原发不孕127例,年龄23~40岁;继发不孕110例,年龄22~42岁;所有病例均排除生殖器器质性、内分泌性、免疫性病变和沙眼衣原体、解脲支原体及弓形体感染。选择同期早妊妇女221例作对照,年龄20~36岁,无流产史。
  1.2 方法 采用酶联免疫斑点技术检测血清中HSV和CMV特异性IgM、IgG抗体,试剂盒由美国GenBio公司提供,严格按照试剂说明书操作。
  1.3 统计学方法 采用χ2>/sup>检验进行统计分析。
  2 结果
  不孕组中,血清HSV-IgM、IgG抗体阳性率为6.75%、97.47%,CMV-IgM、IgG抗体阳性率为4.22%、96.62%;早妊组中,血清HSV-IgM、IgG抗体阳性率为1.81%、95.02%,CMV-IgM、IgG抗体阳性率为0.90%、98.19%。不孕组HSV-IgM、CMV-IgM抗体阳性率明显高于早妊组,差异有统计学意义(χ2>/sup> 6.69,P2>/sup> 4.92,P2>/sup> 1.91,P>0.05;χ2>/sup> 1.10,P>0.05)见表1。
  表1 不孕组与早妊组血清HSV和CMV特异性IgM、IgG抗体检测结果
  
  在原发不孕和继发不孕妇女中,血清HSV-IgM抗体阳性率分别为7.87%、5.45%,CMV-IgM抗体阳性率分别为3.15%、5.45%,原发不孕组和继发不孕组血清HSV-IgM、CMV-IgM抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2>/sup> 0.55,P>0.05;χ2>/sup> 0.31,P>0.05)见表2。
  表2 两组不孕妇女血清HSV和CMV特异性IgM抗体阳性率比较
  
  3 讨论
  HSV和CMV分别属于人类疱疹病毒α亚科、β亚科的DNA病毒,是人类自然感染率较高的两种病毒。不同国家和地区及不同经济状况HSV、CMV感染率亦不同,发展中国家及低收入家庭成员的感染率高于发达国家与高收入家庭成员[1-4]。调查资料显示,我国育龄妇女HSV、CMV的既往感染率较高,约为90%左右。笔者研究发现,在不孕妇女和早妊孕龄妇女血清中,HSV和CMV特异性IgG抗体阳性率分别97.47%、96.62%和95.02%、98.19%,与国内其他一些地区的阳性率基本一致[5,6],没有明显差别。说明本地区育龄妇女HSV、CMV感染亦相当普遍。
  虽然HSV、CMV在人群中感染率较高,但极少引起临床症状,多为潜伏感染[7,8],当机体免疫力低下加上许多外在的激活因素如月经及紧张情绪等, 病毒的复制可被激活,从而引发女性生殖系统感染。急性生殖系统感染后如果得不到及时治疗,往往演变为慢性感染,形成慢性宫颈炎、子宫内膜炎或输卵管炎等疾病[9,10],使这些器官的基本功能和基本环境受到改变,使精子进入子宫与输卵管的能力、速度会受到不良影响,直接干扰女性受孕。一旦潜伏感染被激活或再发感染,血清中病毒特异性IgM 抗体水平升高则是确定活动性感染的指标[11]。笔者对不孕妇女血清进行HSV和CMV特异性IgM抗体检测,发现该组妇女的HSV、CMV活动性感染率明显高于早妊对照组(P0.05)。女性生殖系统HSV、CMV感染可通过夫妻间性行为进行传播,对男性生育能力会造成很大的影响[12]。研究表明,无症状男性不育症患者精液中性传播疾病病原体HSV 和CMV的 DNA检出率较高,并且与精液质量差相关[13-15],HSV感染的精子易造成自然流产[16],HSV-TK蛋白的表达产物可影响精子的发生和诱导生殖细胞的凋亡[17]。因此,由于HSV、CMV感染致使精子的质量下降,这可能是导致女性不孕的另一重要因素。
  孕早期妇女HSV感染对胎儿的危害较大,最主要的影响是致胎儿流产、先天畸形、低体重儿、早产等,其传播途径主要经产道感染,而经胎盘感染导致先天异常的情况极其少见。但近期有学者研究发现,孕早期妇女感染HSV后,在孕晚期胎儿可出现脑损伤和原发性中枢神经系统感染[18,19]。CMV是宫内感染最常见的病毒,孕早期CMV感染是引起胎儿宫内感染和发育缺损的重要原因,特别是易造成出生儿神经性听力丧失[20,21]。本研究早妊组妇女中,HSV和CMV特异性IgM抗体阳性率分别为1.81%和0.90%。因此,积极开展孕早期妇女HSV、CMV感染的筛查工作十分必要,对提高我国人口素质、优生优育具有重大意义。
  
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推荐访问:不孕症 疱疹 病毒感染 妇女

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