“慢电视”潮流:电视的慢革命

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在移动互联网的时代,许多家庭中的电视已经被束之高阁。然而,挪威人却用他们的创意让电视焕发了新的生命力。在挪威,“直播”的概念不只适用于综艺节目和体育比赛,他们还直播火车旅行,直播邮轮航海,甚至直播木柴燃烧,直播织毛衣……这些单调而漫长的节目看似无聊,却因为营造出一种身临其境的感觉而吸引了大批观众。当忙乱的生活越来越使人感觉疲惫,“慢电视”悄然兴起,刮起了一股悠闲的风。

Watching television has become an increasingly urgent hobby. The faster you power through the just-released season of House of Cards, the sooner you can get to Bosch, which you’ve heard is pretty good for a police procedural1), and besides, it’s only 10 episodes, so you can finish it by Wednesday, giving you just enough time to catch up on Game of Thrones before the season five premiere on 12 April.

Following the latest best series was once a leisurely activity. Not lazy, mind you, just slower. That word has its detractors2) (“I couldn’t get into it. It was so slow”), but not in Norway, where Slow TV has become a cultural phenomenon.

Norwegians have reclaimed television as relaxation. They’ll watch unedited footage of a train chugging3) for hours from Bergen to Oslo or a five-and-a-half day programme chronicling the MS Nordnorge’s voyage along the coast. Even “12 hours of nonstop knitting” is a selling point. There may not be much to rehash4) around the water cooler, and the clips won’t go viral, but the viewing experience is less harried5). Brawls6) don’t erupt over spoilers.

Maybe it’s time to add attention spans to the list of things Norwegians have that Americans don’t (along with fjords7), abundant happiness, gender equality and paid paternity leave). Or maybe not. Can Slow TV exist outside of Scandinavia8)? Do other cultures have the endurance to find pleasure in the monotony of handicrafts and burning logs?

“I don’t think we are particularly stupid or weird in Norway to like this sort of thing,” said Thomas Hellum, a Slow TV pioneer and production manager at Norway’s public broadcaster, NRK. “I think really it could work in other countries.”

Networks in England and the US are aiming to find out. First up, BBC Four Goes Slow is testing England’s patience this spring. Then the American LMNO Productions has plans to launch Slow TV shows in the US, although in the midst of signing contracts, the company president isn’t ready to divulge9) details. (For those in a hurry to check it out, Slow TV is also available on the Pluto TV website and app, and the Norwegian shows can be found on YouTube.)

They might pick up some tips from NRK, which spurred the unexpected trend in 2007 thanks mainly to happenstance10). The idea came up during lunch one day among producers of a documentary about a railway in Norway, the Bergen Line. It would be a shame to waste the extra footage, they reasoned, so why not air the whole journey, free of editing?

Hellum floated11) the idea to his editors, and, as he recalls, there was confusion at first, quickly followed by laughter, and then contemplation. “They turned the question into: ‘What will NRK risk by not doing this?’” Hellum said. “Because we want to be innovative, we want to surprise people and make new things.”

The show certainly has a novel feel. A camera is positioned on the front of the train as it glides along a ribbon of track through tunnels and under bridges, over a landscape that changes from snowy to grassy. A lake might materialise12) on occasion or the voice of the conductor announcing the next station, but largely the scenes are just simple, repetitive and, ultimately, meditative.

Hellum didn’t have high expectations. Maybe a couple of thousand railway enthusiasts would tune in. Instead, 1.6 million Norwegians watched part of the broadcast. Not bad, considering the population of Norway is 5 million.

Viewers flooded social media to discuss the show. One man even claimed that at the end of the line, he stood up to collect his baggage only to realise he was in his living room, Hellum recounted with a hint of pride.

Hellum then got the go-ahead13) to shoot Hurtigruten: Minute by Minute, a boat voyage that clocks in14) at 134 hours and 42 minutes. This time, the broadcast aired live, turning it into a national event. Coastal residents greeted the ship as it sailed by and tried to clinch five seconds of fame. People were captured patriotically waving flags and holding signs with messages to loved ones. And viewership soared, with 3.2 million tuning in to watch.

Since then, there has been National Wood Night (a detailed discussion on the best way to stack wood followed by a fire), Piip-Show (little birds flitting15) around a tiny fake coffee shop for hours) and a broadcast of 899 hymns16).

The phenomenon has been ridiculed by US television personalities Stephen Colbert17) and Jimmy Kimmel18), among others. The jokes are to be expected. After all, what’s the appeal? Hellum has some ideas: The shows are soothing and tend to be social events. You can keep them on while chatting. Slow TV may be the antidote to our daily go-go-go.

With Slow TV, art and pop culture begin to blur, which is why putting the programming on BBC4 in England makes sense. The channel, which is commercial-free, like NRK, exists for experimentation. Channel editor Cassian Harrison plans to air a two-hour canal journey, the three-hour documentary National Gallery and the mini-series Make, three 30-minute depictions of craftsmanship without commentary.

Harrison has no idea who, if anyone, will watch the shows, but he’s encouraged by the success at NRK. As a former film editor, he’s also interested in the way the shows “unfold in their own time, at their own pace.”

In a sense, we viewers become the editor, taking it all in and deciding what’s fascinating and what’s not, what touches us on some subconscious level and what’s worth overlooking. And—who’s to say?—maybe there will be a surprise along the way.

As Hellum puts it: “Probably nothing much will happen in the next hour, but you never know!”

看电视已经成为一种越来越“急”的消遣。你越快看完刚刚发布的新一季《纸牌屋》,就可以越早开始看《波什》,听说那是一部相当不错的警探剧,而且只有十集,因此你可以在周三之前就全部看完,这样在4月12日《权力的游戏》第五季首播之前(编注:英文原文发表于4月3日),你就有足够的时间补上它之前的剧集了。

追看最新出品的最佳剧集曾经是一种悠闲自在的活动。请注意,不是懒散,只是慢一些。“慢”这个字不乏其诋毁者(“我看不进去,节奏太慢了”),但在挪威,情况有所不同。在那里,“慢电视”已经成为一种文化现象。

挪威人让电视重新成为一种休闲方式。他们会收看未经剪辑的长镜头,内容是一趟火车在几个小时内嘎嚓嘎嚓地从卑尔根市开到奥斯陆,或者一个为期五天半的实录“北挪威号”邮轮沿岸航行的节目。甚至“12小时不间断编织”都能成为卖点。这些节目没有太多可供人们在饮水机旁评论的内容,节目片段也不会像病毒一样传播,但是人们在收看时却更少被烦扰,也不会因为剧透而爆发争吵。

挪威人拥有美国人没有的一些东西(包括峡湾、充足的幸福感、男女平等以及带薪陪产假),也许现在也该把注意力持续时间加入到其中了。又或许还没到时候。“慢电视”在斯堪的纳维亚半岛之外能存活吗?身处其他文化的人能耐着性子在单调乏味的手工活和燃烧的木柴上找到乐趣吗?

“我觉得在挪威,人们喜欢这类东西并不能说是特别愚蠢或怪异,”挪威公共广播公司NRK (挪威国家广播公司)“慢电视”的先行者和制片人托马斯·赫吕姆说,“我真心觉得它同样可以风靡于别的国家。”

英国和美国的广播电视网正打算一探究竟。首先,《BBC4慢下来》(编注:英国广播公司电视四台推出的“慢电视”系列节目)将在今春考验英国人的耐心。之后,美国LMNO制作公司也计划在美国推出“慢电视”节目,虽然在签署合同期间,公司总裁不愿透露细节(那些急于先睹为快的人可以在Pluto电视网站和应用软件中收看“慢电视”节目,YouTube视频网站上也可以找到挪威的电视节目)。

他们或许可以从NRK得到些许借鉴。2007年,NRK的推动促成了这股令人意外的风潮,而这一切主要都源自机缘巧合。一天,一部纪录片的制片人们在共进午餐时产生了这个想法。那部纪录片介绍的是挪威的一条铁路—卑尔根线。他们分析,多余的镜头浪费掉太可惜了,那为什么不干脆不做任何剪辑,将整个旅程播放出去呢?

赫吕姆将这个想法告诉了剪辑师。据他回忆,他们起初感到困惑,很快又大笑起来,随后陷入了沉思。“他们把问题变成了:‘如果不这样做,NRK会有什么风险?’”赫吕姆说,“因为我们想要有所创新,我们想给人惊喜,创造新事物。”

这个节目当然带给人耳目一新的感觉。一部摄像机被安置在火车前面,随着火车沿带状铁路行驶,钻过隧道,穿过大桥,路上的风景从白雪皑皑变成绿草如茵。有时可能会突然出现一片湖水,或传来列车员报站的声音,但大部分情况下景色都是简单、重复的,最终也是引人沉思的。

赫吕姆当时没有太高的预期。或许会有几千个铁路爱好者收看。与他的预期相反,160万挪威人都收看了这个节目的部分内容。鉴于挪威总人口才500万,这是个不错的成绩。

观众们纷纷在社交媒体上讨论这个节目。有一个人甚至声称在火车到达终点站时,他站起来去拿自己的行李,却意识到身处自家客厅。赫吕姆在讲述这件事时带着些许自豪的意味。

之后赫吕姆获准拍摄了《海达路德:分分秒秒》—一段时长为134小时42分钟的航行旅程。这一次,节目采用直播的形式,这让它变成了一个全国性的事件。沿海居民在轮船经过的时候向其致意,努力抓住五秒钟的露脸机会。镜头中的人们充满爱国热情地挥舞着旗帜,举着牌子向心爱的人们传情达意。收视人数激增,有320万人收看了这个节目。

自那以后,又出现了《全国木柴夜》(详细讨论堆叠木柴的最佳方法,之后点火)、《唧唧秀》(几只小鸟在一个小小的假咖啡店里飞来飞去几个小时),以及一个播放899首圣歌的节目。

这种现象遭到了美国电视名人的嘲弄,其中包括斯蒂芬·科尔伯特和吉米·基梅尔。这些笑谈是意料之中的。毕竟,这样的节目有什么吸引力?赫吕姆有自己的看法:这些节目令人放松,往往也能让人参与社交活动。你可以边聊天边收看。“慢电视”也许是我们每天快节奏生活的解药。

有了“慢电视”,艺术和流行文化之间的界线开始模糊,这就是为什么在英国的BBC4播出这类节目是合乎情理的。与NRK一样,这个频道不插播广告,其存在的意义就是为了试验。该频道编辑卡西安·哈里森计划播出一个时长为两小时的运河之旅、一个时长为三小时的纪录片《国家美术馆》,以及迷你系列片《制作》—这是三段时长分别为30分钟的手工艺展示节目,没有评述内容。

哈里森不知道谁会收看这些节目—如果有人收看的话。但是NRK的成功鼓舞了他。作为曾经的电影剪辑师,他也很有兴趣让这些节目“按照自己的时间、以自己的节奏展开”。

从某种意义上说,我们观众成了剪辑师:全盘接收,然后决定哪里引人入胜,哪里乏善可陈,哪里在某种潜意识层面中触动了自己,哪里可以忽略不看。而且—谁能够断言呢?—也许这一过程中会有惊喜出现。

正如赫吕姆所说:“在接下来的一个小时里,或许不会有什么事情发生,但世事难料!”

1.police procedural:(从警方侦查案件的角度铺叙的)警察疑案作品

2.detractor [dɪˈtræktə(r)] n. 诋毁者,贬低者

3.chug [tʃʌɡ] vi. 发嘎嚓声;发着嘎嚓声行驶

4.rehash [ˌriːˈhæʃ] vt. 重复谈论;事后评论(演出等)

5.harry [ˈhæri] vt. (不断)烦扰;使苦恼

6.brawl [brɔːl] n. (乱哄哄的)争吵;打架

7.fjord [ˈfiːɔː(r)d] n. (尤指挪威海岸边的)峡湾

8.Scandinavia:斯堪的纳维亚(包括北欧的挪威、瑞典、丹麦,有时还包括芬兰、冰岛和法罗群岛)

9.divulge [daɪˈvʌldʒ] vt. 泄露(秘密等)

10.happenstance [ˈhæpənˌstæns] n.〈美〉偶然情况;偶发事件;巧合

11.float [fləʊt] vt. 建议;提出(建议等)

12.materialise [məˈtɪəriəlaɪz] vi. 突然出现

13.go-ahead:许可,放行信号

14.clock in:(用自动计时钟)记录上班时间

15.flit [flɪt] vi. (鸟、蝙蝠等)轻快地飞;(鸟)振翼

16.hymn [hɪm] n. [宗]赞美诗,圣歌

17.Stephen Colbert:斯蒂芬·科尔伯特(1964~),美国喜剧演员,脱口秀节目《科尔伯特报告》(The Colbert Report)主持人,艾美奖获得者

18.Jimmy Kimmel:吉米·基梅尔(1967~),脱口秀节目《吉米·基梅尔现场秀》(Jimmy Kimmel Live!)主持人

推荐访问:电视 革命 潮流

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