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[摘要] 目的：分析5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因，为降低 5岁以下儿童死亡率提供干预措施。方法：对2006～2010年广州市白云区5岁以下儿童的死亡监测资料进行统计分析。结果：广州市白云区婴儿以及 5岁以下儿童死亡率未呈现明显逐年下降趋势；5岁以下儿童死因主要是先天性心脏病、伤害、早产和低出生体重、出生窒息和肺炎。结论：加强围生期保健、减少出生缺陷，提高出生人口素质，采取干预措施预防伤害的发生是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。
[关键词] 死亡原因；死亡率；儿童
[中图分类号] R195 [文献标识码] C[文章编号] 1674-4721（2011）08（a）-154-02
The death cause analysis for children under 5 years old of Baiyun District in Guangzhou City
ZHA Dayong, GU Dongling, FANG Guoqing, ZHANG Xin
Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510400, China
[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the main causes of death in children under 5 years old and study the measures of decreasing the children mortality. Methods: The death monitoring data of children under 5 years old in 2006-2010 was analyzed. Results: The mortality of infants and children under 5 years old had not been declined by degree; the principal causes of death of children under 5 years old were congenital heart disease, injure, premature infants and low-birth-weight infants, death by apnea and pneumonia. Conclusion: The key of further work of decreasing the mortality of children under 5 years old is to lay stressing on the care of perinatal period, decrease the number of newborns with birth defects and prevent the injury of children.
[Key words] Cause of death; Mortality; Children
为了解近年来广州市白云区5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因及死亡水平，并为相关政府部门拟定卫生分配卫生资源及区域卫生规划提供一定的科学依据，笔者对广州市白云区2006～2010年5岁以下儿童的死亡监测资料进行了系统的统计分析，其具体报道如下：
1 对象与方法
1.1 调查对象
其监测对象为2006年10月1日～2010年9月30日5岁以下儿童及5个统计年度的活产儿。所有儿童病伤及死亡原因资料均由该区各医疗机构所提供的居民死亡医学证明及三级妇幼保健网所提供的0～5岁儿童、围生儿死亡报告卡、广州市妇幼保健报表及5岁以下儿童的生命死亡监测表。
1.2 方法
依据《全国5岁以下儿童死亡监测方案》要求对资料进行收集、整理。以ICD-10对儿童伤病及死亡分类卡片进行统一的编码汇总分类。计数资料进行χ2检验，P
