【中考英语听力测试题型分析预测】中考英语听力mp3下载

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  摘 要:中考英语听力测试题型主要有句子理解、对话理解和短文理解三种类型。听句子理解包括听句子选图画,听句子作应答,听句子选单词或短语,听句子选信息等。听对话理解有听对话选择正确答案,听对话选图画,听对话回答问题等。听短文理解有听短文填写,听短文判断正误,听短文选择正确答案等。其意图主要是考查学生对英语口头语言材料的理解能力以及从语言材料中获取信息和对信息进行判断、归纳、综合、运用的能力。
  关键词:中考;英语听力;测试;题型
  中图分类号:G633.41文献标识码:A文章编号:1009-010X(2012)04-0025-11
  在中学英语教学中,听力是学生应具备的最重要的语言技能之一,是中考英语试题中的 一项重要测试内容。听力测试的意图主要是考查学生对英语口语的理解能力,以及从真实性语言材料中获取信息、归纳判断及正确提炼、记录信息的能力。听力内容涉及单词的读音、易混词、数字、同义;涉及短语的表达方式以及日期、时间、价钱、读图、不同语言环境中的特殊用语等等。在听力实体的设计上由浅入深,循序渐进,从知识到能力有一定梯度。同时,力求在句子、对话和语篇上考查听力,重点考查对句子、对话和短文的理解。根据《中考英语命题指导》即《2005年课改实验区初中毕业英语学业考试命题指导》要求,听力测试应考查学生对英语口头语言材料的理解能力以及从语言材料中获取信息的能力。在理解信息的基础上,考生还要能够对信息进行判断、归纳、综合,有时还需要根据信息进行实际操作。
  为了实现听力测试的目标,达到听力测试的要求,听力测试采取了不同种类的题型。据统计,有十几种题型,可谓题型多样。在中学英语教学中,尤其在中考即将来临之际,对诸多题型的认识和了解以及重点分析不仅十分必要,而且有着重大的现时意义。本文拟就近年全国各地中考英语听力试题的常见题型进行简要分析,重点对河北省中考英语听力测试的题型进行分析预测,为英语教师提高试题甄别能力、出题能力以及组织进行针对性训练提供参考。
  一、各地中考英语听力测试题型综述
  中考英语听力测试题型主要有句子理解,对话理解和短文理解三种基本类型。其中多以选择题为主,但也有的采用了部分主观题型。这种变化说明了听力试题已经由单纯地“听”到“听与写”的过渡。�着课程改革的不断深入,中考英语听力测试题型也发生了很大的变化,出现了一些设计新颖、语言素材广泛的题型。梳理归纳发现,近几年全国各地中考英语听力测试所采用的具体题型主要有: 听句子,选出听到的单词或短语; 听句子或句组,选出听到的句子; 听句子,选出句子中所包含的信息;听句子,选择意思相近或相同的一项; 听句子或句组选图画; 听句子做应答; 听短对话选择正确答案或图画; 听短对话回答问题; 听短对话及问题选择正确答案;听对话连线; 听对话或短文,在表格或图表中填入正确的信息;听短文回答问题;听短文判断正误; 听短文完成句子; 听短文,填写所缺的单词;听短文排序等。(详见下表)
  全国各地近几年中考英语听力测试常见题型(一)句子理解类题型
  句子理解类题型主要考查学生捕捉句子中关键信息的能力。其目的旨在考查学生对日常交际用语的理解和应答能力,要求考生根据所听到的句子或句组,从每小题所给出的三个选项中选出最佳选项。
  句子理解类的具体题型大概有以下几种。(下面以例析形式进行分析,题例保留原做题说明和题号。下同)
  1.听句子,选出你在句子中听到的单词或短语。此类题型主要考查学生的辨音能力。
  题例:(2009安徽省)关键词语选择。你将听到
  五个句子,请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个你听到的单词或短语。
  1. A. lonelyB. Lovely C. loudly
  2. A. space B. Sport C. speed
  3. A. voice B. nose C. noise
  4. A. strict B. stick C. sweet
  5. A. take offB. put offC.turn off
  录音材料:
  1. What a lovly girl she is!
  2. China has become the third country to walk in space.
  3. The woman stopped when she heard the noise behind her.
  4. The government should make strict laws to protect our environment.
  5. Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave the room.
  Key: B A C A C
  分析:录音材料以感叹句和陈述句的形式出现,通过描述让学生捕捉信息。以上五个小题的每个选项不听录音材料就能判断彼此的读音区别,考生很容易从所听到的句子中得出正确答案。
  2.听句子或句组,选出你所听到的句子。
  题例:(2009济南市)听录音,从每组句子中选出一个你所听到的句子,每个句子读一遍。
  1. A. That story is really funny.
   B. Let’s play computer games, Linda.
  C. I don’t like documentaries beaces they’re boring.
  2. A. Mike,is this your ruler?
   B. Why don’t you get her a scarf?
   C. Did everone have a good weekend?
  3. A.Thank you for join us!
   B.You’re never too young to start doing things.
   C.You can meet so many interesting people as a report.
  4. A.Who’s your favorite teacher?
   B.Would you mind waiting for me?
   C.Can I drink some hot tea with honey?
  5. A.Don’t listen to music in class.
   B.How much dose the T―shirt cost?
   C.We need more actors for the talent show
  (录音材料略)
  分析:这类试题仍属于辨音识句题,考生在听力考试时,思考的时间有限,要求他们在十几秒的时间里作出选择是比较困难的。
  3.听句子,选出句子中所包含的信息。
  这种题型一般是考查学生在一个句子中捕捉信息的能力,给出的选项可以是读音相近的单词,可以是一组数字,也可以是短语和句子。
  题例:(2010年河北)听力部分第一节
  第一题:听句子,选出句子中所包含的信息。
  1. A. iceB.rice C. voice
  2. A. E2CR3FB.B2CR7F C. B2OR6F
  3. A. talking on the photo
  B. waiting for a photo
  C. shouting at the photo
  录音材料:
  No.1. Her sister has a sweet voice.
  No.2. My license plate is B2CR7F.
  No.3. John is busy talking on the photo.
  Key: C B A
  分析:这种题型旨在考查在语境中听辨读音近似的词语的能力,其中语境为考生作答提供了考虑的机会。该题型有利于培养语音意识,兼顾对句意理解的考查,但这种题型不具有交际意义。
  4.听句子做应答。
  题例:(2011年海南)情景反应(每小题1分,共5分)听句子,选答语。根据你所听到的问句,选择恰当的答语。每句读一遍。
  6. A. How are you? B. Fine, thanks.
   C. Nice to meet you.
  7. A. Thank you. B. The same to you.
   C. I hope so.
  8. A. It’s Monday. B. It’s sunny.
   C. It’s June 18.
  9. A. Good idea. B. No, it isn’t.
   C. I think so.
  10. A. I have a headache.
   B. I’m sorry. C. That’s all right.
  题例:(2009河北)听句子,选出该句的最佳答语。(共5小题,每小题1分,计5分)
  6. A. Noodles. B. Coke. C. Roses.
  7. A. I’m working. B. I’m very well.
   C. I’m busy now.
  8. A. That’s right. B. I don’t know.
   C. Sorry, you’d better not.
  9. A. Be careful! B. Never mind.
   C. Not at all.
  10. A. Good idea!B. Enjoy yourself!
   C. Thank you!
  录音材料:
  6. What’s your favorite food, boy?
  7. How are you, Nancy?
  8. Would you mind if I smoke here?
  9. I’m sorry for losing your book.
  10. Why not go swimming on such a hot day?
  Key: A B C B A
  分析:听力材料以问题或句子的形式呈现,试题以选项的形式呈现,考查学生对课标中功能意念项目的了解并做出适当反应。
  5.听句子或句组选图画。
  题例:(2011年海南) 听句子,选图画(共5分,每小题l分)
  听句子,选择与句子内容相符的图片,将代表图片的字母填在相应的序号后。每个句子读两遍。I. 听句子,选图画(共5分,每小题l分)
  
  
  
  
  
  分析:很多地区的中考选用了这种题型,要求学生根据听力内容选择正确的图片。录音材料以陈述句的形式出现,试题以图片的形式呈现,听力内容为图片意义的描述。它要求考生在听懂句意的基础上,将关键的语音信息转换成图像信息。这种题型图文并茂,对活泼卷面、激发学生听力兴趣有积极的作用。该题选项中多了一幅图,可以避免学生机械地对号入座。
  还有其他形式的听音选图题型,听力内容有两种情况,一种是对图片内容的描述,另一种是与图片内容相关的描述,主要考查学生理解事实细节并进行图文转换的能力。如:
  题例:(2008泰州市) 听下列四个句子,选出与所听句子意思相符的图画,并将该图画的字母标号填入相应题号后的横线上。
  1)My mother had a bad headache yesterday.
  2)I think Sydney Opera House is one of the best places in the world.
  3)What bad weather! It’s pouring again.
  4)Excuse me. You’re not allowed to cross the road here. Look at the sign.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  分析:以图片表达句意,要求学生在听音前浏览每一副图片,了解各图片之间的差异,从而为听音时“抓主要信息”做好准备,可提高答题的准确率。
  (二)对话理解类题型
  对话理解类题型主要考查学生对对话的理解能力以及从对话中获取信息的能力。每一组对话就是一个重要的话题。2009年河北省考查了祝贺、喜好、邀请等话题。有的对话来回的次数比较多,有的试题要求对一些关键信息进行记录,然后再根据问题具体作答。
  对话理解具体题型大概有以下几种:
  1. 听短对话选择正确答案或图画。
  题例:(2009河北)III. 听对话和问题,选择适当的选项。
  12. Where do you think the woman will be tonight?
  A. At a cinema.B. At a friend’s. C. At home.
  录音材料:
  No.12. M: Would you like to go to a movie with me tonight?
  W:Thanks for asking, but I’d rather stay at home.
  Q:Where do you think the woman will be tonight?
  分析:对话的关键信息蕴含在“but I’d rather stay at home”中,考生不仅从意思,还可以根据语气进行判断。答案:C
  题例:(2007河北)III. 听对话和问题,选择适当的选项。
  11. What’s the weather like now?
   A.It’s rainy.B.It’s sunny. C.It’s cloudy.
  12. Where is Jack’s sister?
   A. In the hospital.B. At home.
   C. At the office.
  13. How many countries has John been to?
  A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.
  14. What’s Lily’s mother doing?
  
  
  
  
  15. What are they talking about?
  
  
  
  
  分析:这类题型通过听一小段对话,其内容大多源于学生所熟悉的生活实际,通常与《英语课程标准》列举的日常交际用语有关,具有很强的语境,旨在考查考生对录音材料的理解和判断能力。它要求考生能识别对话中的重要信息,进行简单的推断,并选出正确的答案。
  2. 听短对话回答问题。
  题例:(2011海南):III. 对话理解(每小题1分,共5分
  根据你所听到的对话内容,选择最佳选项回答问题。(每段对话读两遍)
  听第一段对话,回答第11~12小题。
  11.Where are the two speakers?
  A.In a shop. B.In a hospital.C.At home.
  12.What color does the girl"s father like?
  A.Yellow.B.Blue.C.White.
  听第二段对话,回答第l3~15小题。
  13.What kind of tour does the woman want to take?
  A.A half- day tour.B.A full - day tour.
  C.A day-and-evening tour.
  14.What will happen to the children while their parents are away?
  A.The hotel will look after them.
  B.The man will take them to the theatre.
  C.They will have the dinner entertainment in the hotel.
  15.How much will the woman pay for her family?
  A.70 pounds. B.140 pounds. C.200 pounds.
  分析:对于“对话+选项”型的短对话理解,通常在听音时重点捕捉与问题有关的重点信息,从而“听出”正确答案。对于只有选项而无问题的短对话理解题,一般遵循由“选项”到“预测问题”的顺序,最后到捕捉关键信息。
  3.听对话及问题选择正确答案。
  题例:(2011河南)听下面5段对话。每段对活后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案,并将其标号填入题前括号内。每段对话读两遍。
  ( )1. Where is the woman going?
  A. To a hospital. B. To a bookstore.
  C. To a post office.
  ( )2. What does the boy usually do on weekends?
  A. He does his homework.
  B. He watches movies. C. He watches TV.
  ( )3. Whose coat is it?
  A. Kate’s.B. Jim’s.C. John’s.
  ( )4. How many students are there in the classroom?
  A. FiveB. Seven C. Twelve
  ( )5. What happened to the boy?
  A. He broke his leg.B. He lost his bike.
  C. He was late for class.
  分析:听对话回答问题是目前普遍的听力考试方式,“听对话选择正确答案”是各地均采用的题型。对话可长可短,长对话可能有若干个轮次,要求学生回答2~5个问题;短对话往往只有一个轮次,要求学生根据听到的一个问题,做出回答。考生所需要做答的问题可以录制在录音里,也可以印在试卷上。后者方便考生做答,并减轻对所听内容记忆的负担;前者注重对问题的听,便于提高听力,增加难度。
  4.听对话连线。(例略)
  (三)短文理解类题型
  短文理解类题型的小短文一般不设置生词障碍,语句简单,叙述直白,易于理解。它要求听短文情节发展、人物关系、时间、原因及结果等具体信息,推理讲话人或作者的态度、意图等等。短文理解类具体题型主要有以下几种:
  1. 听短文判断正误。
  题例:(2009福建龙岩):听短文判断下列句子是否符合短文内容(符合用A表示,不符合用B表示)短文读两遍。
  21. The young man sent roses to the girl as a birthday present.
  22. The shopkeeper didn’t know the young man.
  试题和录音材料略。
  2. 听短文完成句子。(例略)
  3. 听短文,填空。
  题例:(2007河北):听力部分(第二节)听短文填空。(共5小题,每小题1分,计5分)
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  录音材料: 下面你将听到一段短文,短文读两遍。请你听完短文的第二遍朗读后,根据短文的意思和提示,将所缺信息填入信息表中相应的横线上。
  Robin is going to Newtown next month with his wife for his honeymoon. Because his friend has just returned from his trip there. Newtown used to be very dirty, but not any longer. In the past, there were millions of rats there. They attacked the cats and dogs. Sometimes, many of them even knocked down women and children walking home at night. The people were very lazy. They paid no attention to their environment. They threw rubbish everywhere, and never took it away. But now something was done to stop them. At first the government ordered everybody to kill the rats, but since most people were lazy, they didn’t kill many. Then the government promised to pay some money for each dead rat. Hearing this, the people killed thousands of rats every day. Before long there were no more rats there. That sounds interesting. But that was a terrible lesson.
  Key:76. dirty /very dirty
  77. cats and dogs
  78. (they) knocked down
  79. everybody/everyone
  80. pay some money
  4.听短文选择正确答案。
  题例:(2011河南)V.短文理解(每小题1分,共5分)
  听短文,根据短文内容选择正确答案。(短文读两遍)
  16. In England many students takes jobs ________.
  A. during their summer holidays B. during their school timeC. at the weekend
  17. The students who takes jobs must be ______ years old.
  A. 18B. 17C. 16
  18. The students usually work _______.
  A. all dayB. 4 or 5 hoursC. more than 8 hours
  19. The workers want to _______ in summer.
  A. spend their holidays with their families
  B. stay at home with their families
  C. find more jobs
  20. The students take jobs to _______ for their own life.
  A. learn something B. make some money
  C. find some help
  5.听短文,在表格或图表中填入正确的信息。
  题例:(2008山东):听短文,根据所听内容完成下面的表格。(每空不多于三个词)
  听力材料
  10 rules for a long and happy life
  Scientists have revealed 10 rules for a long and happy life.And the rules even allow for sunbathing, drinking alcohol and eating chocolate.
  The first rule is to enjoy yourself. The second on the list is a happy marriage and good family life.Studies have shown those can add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two years to a woman’s life.Third,where you live also has a great effect on your health. Drinking wine, going to parties and eating chocolate belong to the fourth rule.Many studies showthat a little of those can do you good.The fifth rule says that you shouldexercise your brain to stay active. Seeing the doctors is the sixth rule.If you’re sick, go to doctors quickly.The next rule is to eat healthily.Rule 8 asks you to put more excitement into your life.Traveling or learning a new language can add years to your life.Rule 9 advises you to learn new technologies.Rule 10 is that you should smile and feel happier in life.
  分析:用表格设题,使得任务更加明确,可以节省很多文字信息,给予考生更多的思考时间和空间。近年来许多地方中考英语试卷都采用这种听力题型,如:北京、山东威海、山东济宁、山东烟台、新疆、河北、江西、福建龙岩等。该题要求考生根据所听录音内容和问题或提示完成表格,而且对考生的答和概括能力。该类试题有较高的区分度。
  6.听短文排序。
  题例(2011河南)第三节 听下面一篇短文。根据短文内容,将下列活动按照先后顺序重新排序,并将其标号填写在题号后的横线上。短文读两遍。
  分析:该题型考查考生的语言整合和概括能力,及对短文整体理解的能力。它要求听懂短文意思,看懂试题A、B、C、D、E五句话的含意,然后根据短文原意,把试题中的五项活动重新排列。该题型对学生来说有一定的难度。
  二、河北省中考英语听力题型特点
  和全国各地一样,河北省中考英语听力测试注重题型的设计和选择, 从2004年起,沿用了句子理解、对话理解、语段以及短文理解等题型。其中包括:1. 听句子,选信息; 2. 听句子,选择最佳答语;3. 听对话,选择适当选项;4. 听语段、对话和问题,选择正确答案;5. 听短文填信息等五种题型。现以2009~2011年河北省中考英语听力试题为例,从题型特点和考查要求以及应对策略等方面进行简要分析。
  (一)听句子选信息
  题型特点:主要考查学生从句子中获取信息的能力以及对句子的理解能力。命题在信息的设置上一般分为:单词类,词组类,数字类,句子类等。其中比较难的题一般是句子意义类的考题。
  例1:2011河北省中考英语听力试题:听力部分第一节Ⅰ.听句子,选出句子中所包含的信息。(共5小题,每小题1分,计5分)
  1. A. horse B. house C. mouth
  2. A. D4562 B. D2546 C. D5624
  3. A. wait for B. pay for C. play for
  4. A. I’ll give Steven a cup. B. Steven will make tea. C. Steven will get a cup of tea.
  5. A. You’re buying a telephone.
   B. You’re making a phone call.
   C. You’re answering the phone.
  录音材料:
  No.1. Shelly is drawing a picture of her house.
  No.2. The train D4562 for Beijing is checking in now.
  No.3. You should pay for the books if you lose them.
  No.4. Steven, I’ll get a cup of tea for you.
  No.5. Sorry, the phone you’re calling is busy now.
  Key:B A B C B
  例2:2009河北省中考英语听力试题:听力部分第一节 Ⅰ. 听句子,选出句子中所包含的信息。(共5小题,每小题1分,计5分)
  1. A. lesson B. list C. license
  2. A. go to the station B. ask a question C. take a vacation
  3. A.省略 B.省略 C.省略
  4. A. I’m leaving by air. B. Tom’s leaving by air. C. They’re leaving together by air.
  5. A. They will meet each other soon.
   B. They met somewhere not long ago.
   C. They haven’t seen each other for a long time.
  录音材料:
  1. Please go over the lesson after class.
  2. Mark will take a vacation pretty soon.
  3.省略.
  4. Tom, I’ll go to the ariport to see you off tomorrow.
  5. Hi, Lily. It’s a long time since we met last.
  Key: ACBBC
  题型分析:单词、短语和数字层面的试题主要是结合句意区分一些发音相近的词或词组,属于中低难度试题,容易得分;句子层面的试题比较难,一方面选项比较长,另一方面试题比较灵活,这种题在命题时一般会从“同义句转换”和 “句子的言外之意”上做文章,属于高难度试题。
  例如2009年的第4、5小题:4. A. I’m leaving by air. B. Tom’s leaving by air. C. They’re leaving together by air.
  录音材料:No.4. Tom, I’ll go to the airport to see you off tomorrow.作答的关键在于是否捕捉到关键信息“see sb. off, 为……送行”。
  第5小题 A. They will meet each other soon. B. They met somewhere not long ago.C. They haven’t seen each other for a long time.
  录音材料:No.5. Hi, Lily. It’s a long time since we met last. 则应对关键信息词“last,上次”听懂、理解,这是答题的关键。
  在平时教学中可要求学生注意积累一些同义句转换的典型试题。总结一些同义词组、句型。例如:be full of =be filled with; be good at = do well in; be proud of =take pride in; be in = be at home;too…to…= not enough…to…;on week days = from Monday to Friday等。
  (二)听句子,选最佳答案
  题型特点:此题主要考查学生在不同语境下的交际能力。命题依据主要来源于考试说明的十一项功能意念项目。如:
  例3:2011河北省中考英语听力试题:Ⅱ. 听句子,选出该句的最佳答语。(共5小题,每小题1分,计5分)
  6. A. I don’t know. B. I don’t have it.
   C. It’s Jim Green.
  7. A. In two weeks. B. Twice a month.
   C. For two days.
  8. A. No, thanks. B. Yes, please.
   C. Okay, I will.
  9. A. Wonderful! B. Well done!
   C. No hurry!
  10. A. But it’s true. B. Bad luck!
   C. Go to see a doctor.
  录音材料:
  No.6. May I have your name, please?
  No.7. How often do you go to the movies?
  No.8. Always remember to say please and thank you, boy!
  No.9. I’d like you to meet Lucy, my good friend.
  No.10. Oh, Really? I can’t believe my eyes!
  Key:C B C A A
  例4:2010年河北省中考英语听力试题:Ⅱ. 听句子,选出该句的最佳答语。(共5小题,每小题1分,计5分)
  6. A. You’re so kind. B. Thanks,you too!
   C.That would be kind.
  7. A. I play the piano. B. I go to work.
   C. I’m a pliceman.
  8. A.twenty-eight yuan. B.Three hundred miles.
   C.Two and a half years.
  9. A.Yes,please.B. Sorry,I can’t.
   C. Never mind.
  10. A. But it’s not true.
   B. I don’t belive in god.
   C.Wow,it’s already 12 o’clock!
  录音材料:(略)
  应对策略:除去平时多听多练之外,还要认真学习考试说明上的功能意念项目内容,一定要关注热点内容,比如问候、祝愿、感谢、道歉、愿望、计划等。另外还要注意教学解题技巧,让学生做到提前审题,分析选项的差异,做到心中有数,然后再根据听力材料中句子的特点选择答案,选择时要保证句子与选项在时态、人称、数上的一致性。
  (三)听对话,选答案
  题型特点:从2010年起这类题型的试题只有选项而无问题,对话和问题在录音中呈现。在对话中考查学生在不同的交际语境中对各种话题的理解力。热点话题有:天气、购物、习惯、问候、邀请、饮食等。为了增加干扰项的有效性,对话的来回比较多,句子比较长。如:
  例5:2011河北省中考英语听力试题:III. 听对话和问题,选择正确的选项。(共5小题,每小题1分,计5分)
  11. A. On the farm. B. At the zoo.
  C. In the garden.
  12. A. Moving a picture. B. Painting a picture.
  C. Taking a picture.
  13. A. Tennis. B. Football. C. Skating.
  14.A B C
  15. A B C
  录音材料:
  No.11. M: Mom, can I buy some bananas?
   W: What for?
   M: To feed the monkeys.
   W: Oh, no way, dear. Feeding is not allowed here!
   Q: Where are they probably talking?
  No.12. M: Move left a little bit. One more step...Ready? Smile! Okay! Good!
   W: I don’t want to take any more. It takes so long to take one picture.
   Q: What are they doing now?
  No.13. M: Hi, Sally! What is your favourite sport?
   W: I like to play tennis in summer. Myavourite winter sport is skating. How about you?
   M: My favourite sport is playing football. To be honest, I like watching football games best.
   Q: What is Sally’s favourite sport in summer?
  No.14. M: How shall we go to Dalian, by plane or by bus?
   W: Well, I thought we should go traveling by ship for a change, so I bought two ship tickets.
   M: Oh, great! That’s a surprise for me! I love the sea!
   Q: How are they going to Dalian?
  No.15. M: Excuse me. Could you tell me where I can find a bank?
   W: A bank? Yes, there is one on the corner of Victoria Street and Hilton Road,next to the post office.
   M: Thank you very much. Goodbye!
   W: Goodbye!
   Q: Which is the right picture for the bank?
  Key:11. B 12. C13. A 14. C 15. B
  应对策略:学生在答题时要注意观察每个选项,并对比选项的差异,同时推测每一个选项的可能性,做到心中有数。在平时要多听长一点的对话,注意对关键信息的捕捉,要特别关注选项涉及到数字的练习题,有时可能会出现简单的计算题。
  (四)听语段、对话和问题,选择正确答案
  题型特点:听语段、对话类试题主要考查学生在更大的语境下获取信息和处理信息的能力。一般设有3~4个听力材料,前2~3个为50~100词左右的小语段,每个语段后提出1~2或3个问题,最后一个为一段较长的对话,回答4~5个问题。此题主要考查学生对较长的语言材料的理解能力和获取关键信息的能力。由于材料比较长,所以学生作答时相对有难度。
  例6:2009年河北中考试题第16、17题:
  16. Which lesson are they going to learn?
  A. Lesson 8. B. Lesson 16. C. Lesson 18.
  17. What will the students do first?
  A. Have a free talk. B. Choose the best answer.
  C. Listen to a conversation.
  录音材料:Hello, everyone! Today we are going to learn Lesson 18. Now, we’ll have listening practice. First you will hear a question and a short conversation. And then look at the four possible answers. Choose the best answer from A, B, C or D and write it in the box.
  Question No.16. Which lesson are they going to learn?
  Question No.17. What will the students do first?
  16小题在原文中能听到直接信息“Today we are going to learn Lesson 18.”,17小题的信息在原文的基础上稍微转换了一下,将“heard”转换成了“listen to”,所以难度并不大,只要有一定的基础,在考试时沉着冷静,就可正确解答此题。
  答案:16. C 17. C
  例7:2011河北中考英语听力试题:Ⅳ. 听语段、对话和问题,选择正确答案。(共10小题,每小题1分,计10分)
  16. Who do you think is speaking now?
  A. A teacher. B. A student. C. A reporter.
  17. What can the students do with their parents during dinner?
  A. Play cards or chess. B. Make model toys.
  C. Talk about weekdays.
  18. What can you buy at the store?
  A. A good glass. B. A small gift.
  C. A pair of glasses.
  19. How many days is the store open in a week?
  A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven.
  20. What time does the store close on Monday?
  A. At 5: 30 pm.B. At 7: 00 pm.
  C. At 8: 00 pm.
  21. Why did Cindy go to bed late last night?
  A. She watched TV late.
  B. She studied for an exam.
  C. She played on the computer.
  22. What does Cindy plan to do tonight?
  A. Review again. B. Ask for help.
  C. Make a suggestion.
  23. How does Cindy feel about her exam?
  A. Tired. B. Relaxed. C. Nervous.
  24. Who is always the best at history?
  A. Peter. B. Cindy. C. Kevin.
  25. Where will they meet after school?
  A. At Mrs. Brown’s office.
  B. At the school gate. C. At the school library.
  录音材料:
  下面请听第一篇材料,并回答第16~17题。
  Hi class! Let’s get started. Now take out a piece of paper. Do not write your name on it. On one side of the paper, write the most important language points you’ve learned in this lesson. On the other side of the paper, write any questions you don’t understand in class. I will collect this paper and then answer your questions next time we meet.
  Question No. 16. Who do you think is speaking now?
  Question No. 17. What should the students write on the other side of the paper?
  下面请听第二篇材料,并回答第18~20题。
  Welcome to Bright Eye Store! This is the best store in eyeglasses for you and your family. Our store hours are Monday to Friday, 8:00 am to 5:30 pm. We’re open on Saturdays until 7: 00, and closed on Sundays.
  Please visit our store on Saturdays, you can get 20% off on our prices, and you can also get a small gift. Please remember: eye exams are free! Thank you!
  Question No. 18. What can you buy at the store?
  Question No. 19. How many days is the store open in a week?
  Question No. 20. What time does the store close on Monday?
  下面请听第三篇材料,并回答第21~25题。
  M: Hello, Cindy.
  W: Hi, Kevin.
  M: Cindy, you look tired, what’s the matter?
  W: I went to bed too late last night.
  M: Why? Did you watch TV or play on the computer?
  W: Neither. I had to study history. You know, I’ve got an exam tomorrow.
  M: Are you ready for it now?
  W: No, I plan to review it again tonight. Yesterday I went to Mrs. Brown’s office. I promised her that I won’t fail this time. I really feel nervous about it.
  M: Relax, Cindy. Listen, I have a suggestion, why don’t we go to the school library and study together?
  W: Oh, that would be fine. I know you’re better at history than me. I can learn a lot from you!
  M: Actually Peter is always the best at history in class! Why not ask him?
  W: Good idea! This way, we can both study better. So when and where shall we meet?
  M: At the school gate after school, around 4:30 ?
  W: Peter and I will clean the classroom first today, how about 5:00?
  M: That works for me. See you then!
  W: See you!
  Question No. 21. Why did Cindy go to bed late last night?
  Question No. 22. What does Cindy plan to do tonight?
  Question No. 23. How does Cindy feel about her exam?
  Question No. 24. Who is the best at history in class?
  Question No. 25. Where will they meet after school?
  Key:16~25:A C C B A B A C A B
  应对策略:训练学生抓紧时间审题,尤其要注意分段审题,为了学生审题方便,卷面在设置上体现了人性化的特点,在每段材料的问题下面设有分割线。这样有利于学生分段审题,我们要充分利用这个便利条件,通过问题及选型,迅速把握文章的主要内容与脉络,抓住关键词,正确作答。
  (五)听短文,填空
  试题特点:此题无论是在选材上,还是在对学生能力的要求上都算得上最有难度的试题,在考查学生听力的同时考查学生用听到的信息书写、补全句子的能力。从短文内容的选择上看,近几年涉及到旅游、通知、说明、天气预报等口语化比较强的短文,从设题的特点上看,一般会涉及到直接信息题和间接信息题,而间接信息题是最容易造成学生失分的考题。
  例8:2011河北中考英语听力试题
  Ⅷ.听短文填空(共5小题,每小题1分,计5分)
  Information Sheet
  71. The weather report is for the next ________ days.
  72. From tomorrow on, most northern areas will be very ______.
  73. The snowstorm will start a__________ tomorrow.
  74. At night, the temperature will fall below 0℃_______.
  75. In the west, it"ll ______ from tomorrow to Sunday.
  听力材料:听力部分第二节 听短文填空。下面你将听到一篇短文,短文读两遍。请你听完短文的第二遍朗读后,根据短文的内容和提示,在信息表中相应的横线上填入所缺信息。
  Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Here is theeather report for the next three days.
  From tomorrow on, most northern areas will be very cold. There will be a strong snowstorm. The storm will start around noon tomorrow and it won’t end until Sunday. We should expect temperatures to drop below 0℃.
  In the southern areas, the temperature will stay around 10℃ during the day, but at night, it’ll fall below 0℃.
   In the west, it’ll rain tomorrow, and on Saturday and Sunday. The rain will be followed by cloudy skies during certain times of the day. Now, let’s go back to the newsroom for a look at what"s in sports.
  Key:
  71. 3 / three
  72. cold
  73. noon / 12 (at) noon / 12: 00 (at) noon / twelve (o’clock) (at) noon
  74. in the south / in the southern areas
  75. rain / be rainy / be raining
  题型分析:本题对学生的要求比较高,既要求学生听懂录音材料,还要求学生将获取的重要信息写下来,进一步考查学生综合语言的运用能力。当然试题在设计时尽可能考查所给语言材料的直接信息和主要信息。
  本题从给出的信息可判断出,听力材料应该为一则天气预报,第一小题应该为数字信息,第二小题为表示天气的形容词,第三小题为时间状语,第四小题地点状语,第五小题是实意动词,因为此处缺谓语部分。如果在较短的时间内进行充分审题,就为做听力填空题做好了铺垫。
  在作答此题时,第四小题的正答率是最低的,主要原因是此题为间接信息题,试题在设置上将听力材料中的信息放在了后面,再加上对句子所缺信息的特点分析不到位,学生就很难正确作答此题。建议在日常的教学中多做类似的练习,此外,还要做录音听写、听录音记录关键信息等练习,加强综合语言的运用能力。
  充分审题是正确作答的关键。本题总共给出五个残缺不全的句子,考生在听前可以通过这些残缺信息推断听力材料的内容,同时结合语法知识猜测所缺内容的可能性较为有利。
  三、2012年河北省中考英语听力测试题型预测
  (一)测试题型渐趋成熟
  “听句子选信息”; “听句子,选最佳答语”;“听对话,选答案”;“听语段、对话和问题,选择正确答案”;“听短文,填空”五种题型是近几年河北省中考英语听力测试的常见题型。如下表:
  河北省中考英语听力测试常规题型
  随着新课程标准的实施和新的教学形势的要求,在基本题型稳定不变的情况下,河北省中考英语听力试题从题型到内容,从题数、选项到分值不断调整和完善,稳中有变。如从2004年以来,分数比例和选项的微调 :2004~2005年计40分,占整个试卷120分的三分之一;2006年计30分,占整个试卷120分的25% (四分之一),以后至2011年一直沿用这个分值。
  试题各部变化大致如下:第一至四大题由包含6个小题到包含5个小题,每小题的选项由4项到3项,第三大题由全部选图到三个小题选文字和两个小题选图,从2010年以前的“试题呈现问题和选项”到2010年和2011年的“试题只呈现选项“;第四题听语段、对话和问题,选择正确答案”微调比较多,几乎每年有变,如听力材料段数的变化:3段~2段~4段~3段,问题的变化:12个~10个~5~10个。最近两年,第四题听力材料趋于3段,问题趋于10个,每个小题计1分,共计10分。总之英语听力测试向着考双基、考能力、面向学生、面向实际的目标不断发展,不断完善,已经成为比较成熟的题型。
  ( 二)保持稳定,注重能力
  从保持一定稳定性出发, 2012河北中考英语听力试题应沿用五种常规题型,总体难度预测应是围绕中间难度做不大的难易变动,命题会在平稳过渡的基础上略有提高。根据《中考说明》的精神,试题还将按照相对难度分为容易题、中等题、难题,试卷以中等难度题为主,总体难度适当。整体而言,它更加注重听力理解能力的考查,设计上由浅入深,由易到难,循序渐进;层次上力求在句子、对话和语篇上考查听力,而重点则放在考查句子理解、对话理解和短文理解上。试题分两小节,分布在卷I 和卷II上,题型应该有以下几种。答题方式为选择与客观。
  “听力部分第一节”(选择选项):
  第一题:听句子,选出句子中所包含的信息;
  第二题:听句子,选出该句的最佳答语;
  第三题:听对话和问题,选择适当的选项;
  第四题:听对话、短文和问题,选择正确答案;
  “听力部分第二节”(填写信息):
  第八题:听短文填空。从考查的具体内容来看,第I题重点考查学生捕捉句子中关键信息的能力,内容有单词辨音、数字、短语辨义、同义句理解。第II题重点考查学生对日常交际用语的理解和应答能力。从句子的功能看有一般疑问句、陈述句、特殊疑问句、祈使句。从内容来看多为日常生活中经常出现的话题。第III题重点考查学生对所听对话以及相关信息的理解能力,内容一般涉及身体健康、时间、价钱、天气、物品等。在该题中听力材料的长度一般为1~1.5个轮回。第IV题主要考查学生对所听语言材料的理解能力。其中听力材料中有听语段、长对话等,内容涉及问路、就餐、学习、考试等,从内容来看,材料浅显易懂,而且都是学生在日常生活中经常遇到或熟悉的场景。而从设题来看,所有小题多为特殊疑问句,内容有时间、日期、地点、原因、方式、事件等,也就是说基本考查表层内容的理解。听力的最后一题是考查学生对所听语言材料的理解能力和正确获取信息以及正确书写的能力。今年的听力试题在选材上会更新颖,是学生在考试中应注意的事项,考查的内容也是学生在考试中所能注意到的关键信息,应该说只要学生能够听懂大意,答对试题不是很难。
  (三)回归基础,关注热点
  命题会一如既往,注重基础。综合阶段的复习一定要回归基础,切忌钻“难、偏、怪”题。结合专项知识点的巩固,辅之以综合模拟训练,及时总结,调整复习侧重点,把语言知识放在各种实际的语境中复习,注重问题的真实性、情景性和完整性。
  试题对时代热点和社会生活的关注对备考时材料的选择具有指导意义,应多关注一些时文,阅读一些英文报纸和杂志。
  总之,从上面的分析可以看出,今年中考英语听力测试题型不应有较大幅度的变动,听力的难度不会增加。我们在复习备考训练的策略上不应有较大变动,教学应鼓励学生对自己充满信心,通过适应性训练熟悉听力测试题型及要求,从而为取得好成绩打下扎实基础。
  参考文献:
  [1]葛连干.中考英语听力命题 [J].英语考试研究,2009,(5).
  [2]左焕琪,外语教育展望[M].上海华东师范大学出版社,2002.
  [3]郑晓华.听力应试技巧与教学对策[J]外语教学研究,2005,(8).
  [4]闫会学.中考英语听力试题特点与变迁[J].教育实践与研究,2011,(4).
  [5]王新峰.2009中考英语听力测试命题简析[J].英语考试研究, 2009,(10).

推荐访问:题型 中考 英语听力 分析预测

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