喉罩全麻插管视频_LMA,Supreme喉罩全麻在腹腔镜胆囊手术中的可行性

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  【摘要】 目的 探讨LMA Supreme一次性双管喉罩在腹腔镜胆囊手术中的应用效果。方法 80例ASA为~Ⅱ级择期全麻腹腔镜胆囊手术患者,随机分为Ⅰ组(喉罩组,n40)和Ⅱ组(气管导管组 n40)。对比分析两组术中血流动力学变化、记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、插管(罩)后即刻(T2)、插管(罩)后3 min(T3)、拔管(罩)后即刻(T4)、拔管(罩)后3 min(T5)等时点的HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2 的变化、麻醉合并症及不良反应。结果 两组T1及Ⅰ组T2时SBP、DBP降低(P<0.05),Ⅰ组在T2、T3、T4和T5等各时点HR, SBP、DBP比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅱ组在T2、T3、T4和T5等各时点HR、SBP、DBP比T0及Ⅰ组明显升高(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组在T4和T5时患者呛咳、体动以及术后咽喉痛的发生明显少于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。两组其他合并症及不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 LMA Supreme喉罩全身麻醉血流动力学平稳,与气管插管比较可明显降低心血管反应,并发症少且操作容易,可安全有效地用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术。
  【关键词】 LMA Supreme喉罩;气管内插管;全身麻醉;腹腔镜
  The feasibility of aaryngeal mask airway supreme in general anesthesia undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy FENG Yu-feng, CHEN Shao-yu. Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian 361003,China
  【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical effects of laryngeal mask airway supreme(LMA Supreme) and endotracheal intubation used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods 80 cases ASA grade I-II patients undergoing elective LC under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups with 40 cases each. GroupⅠ (n40) received LMA Supreme and group Ⅱ (n40) received endotracheal tube (ETT). The hemodynamic changes of two groups were compared and analyzed during anesthesia. HR,SBP,DBP,SpO2 were recorded before anesthesia (T0), after induction(T1), at the time of LMA Supreme/ETT(T2), 3 min after LMA Supreme/ETT(T3), at the time of extubation (T4) and 3 min after extubation(T5), the complications and adverse reactions of anesthesia were recorded during each operation. Results SBP and DBP were found significantly lower than baseline at the time of T1 in both groups and at the time of T2 in group I(P<0.05), HR,SBP and DBP were not significantly different at each point of T2、T3、T4 and T5 in group I(P>0.05);HR,SBP,DBP were significantly higher than T0 and group I at each point of T2、T3、T4and T5 in groupⅡ(P<0.05). The patients` choke and body movement in group I were found significantly lower than those in groupⅡ(P<0.05), the occurrence of postoperative sore throat was obviously lower than that in groupⅡ(P<0.05).The incidence of complication and adverse reactions in both groups was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion General anesthesia of LMA Supreme has a stability on the hemodynamic change and can reduce the adverse cardiovascular effects, insertion easy with fewer complications, making it can be safely and effectively used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  【Key words】 Laryngeal mask airway supreme;Endotracheal intubation; General anesthesia;Laparoscope
  
  作者单位:361003 厦门大学附属第一医院麻醉科
  LMA Supreme(Laryngeal Mask Airway Supreme)是一种将数种喉罩特点结合在一种装置上的一次性喉罩[1]。笔者在我院应用LMA Supreme喉罩全麻和传统的气管插管全麻对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, LC)的麻醉效果进行了对比观察,现报告如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料 本研究经笔者医院伦理委员会批准,患者及家属均签署知情同意书。选择80例年龄26~66岁,体重51~75 kg,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级住院需行LC患者,按随机数字表法随机分为Ⅰ组(n40)置入LMA Supreme喉罩全麻,Ⅱ组(n40)气管插管全麻。术前常规检查无慢性阻塞性肺疾病,无口咽部疾患及困难气道。
  1.2 麻醉方法 两组患者入手术室后开放上肢静脉输液,静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01 mg/kg,监测记录SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2和ECG基础值后,静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05~0.1 mg/kg,芬太尼3 μg/kg,依托咪酯乳剂0.2 mg/kg及顺式阿曲库铵0.2~0.3 mg/kg麻醉诱导。Ⅰ组麻醉诱导后,依患者体重置入相应型号的喉罩,套囊充气后经引流管腔插入胃管引流胃内容物。符合以下标准则可判定置入喉罩位置正确:①置入喉罩顺利;②插入胃管顺畅;③手控正压通气通畅无阻力,胸廓起伏良好,口咽部无异常气流声;④呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)波形正常,气道峰压<20 cmH2O;⑤双肺听诊呼吸音清晰;⑥气道压增至30 cmH2O时无气体泄漏。固定喉罩,接麻醉机间歇正压通气(IPPV)。Ⅱ组常规插胃管,诱导后插入气管导管接麻醉机行IPPV。两组设定潮气量(TV)6~8 ml/kg,呼吸频率(RR)10~12次/min。术中微量泵输注丙泊酚4~6 mg/(kg・h),瑞芬太尼50~80 μg/(kg・h),酌情静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵维持麻醉。术毕送麻醉恢复室(PACU)监护,待苏醒后拔除喉罩及胃管(Ⅰ组)或气管导管(Ⅱ组)。
  1.3 观察指标 ①连续监测SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2、ECG和PETCO2;②记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、插管(罩)后即刻(T2)、插管(罩)后3 min(T3)、拔管(罩)后即刻(T4)、拔管(罩)后3 min(T5)等时点的HR、SBP、DBP数值;③记录气腹后胃胀气情况:优-对手术野无影响;良-对手术野有一定影响,但无需胃肠减压;差-对手术野严重影响,需胃肠减压;④记录拔管(罩)前后是否出现呛咳、体动、返流、误吸、恶心、呕吐等情况;⑤术后随访有无咽喉不适、疼痛等并发症。
  1.4 统计学方法 采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。全组数值计量资料以均数±标准差x±s表示;各记录时间点数值与基础值比较,两组间比较采用t检验;组内两两比较采用q检验;计数资料以χ2检验处理。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
  2 结果
  2.1 一般资料比较 两组患者年龄、体重、性别、手术时间和ASA分级差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。
  2.2 两组插管(罩)及拔管(罩)期间HR、BP比较:诱导后及Ⅰ组插喉罩时SBP、DBP降低(P<0.05);Ⅱ组HR、SBP、DBP较麻醉诱导前及Ⅰ组不同时间点明显升高(P<0.05)。见表1。
  表1 两组患者HR、BP的变化(x±s)
  
  注:与T0比较,*P<0.05, 与Ⅱ组比较, #P<0.05 (1 mm Hg=0.133kPa)
  2.3 在PACU拔管(罩)时I组有3例(7.5%)出现呛咳、体动,Ⅱ组18例(45%),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P2O,可避免胃胀气[7],而LMA Supreme喉罩充气囊经过改进能够提供可靠的气道和良好的气道密封性[8],减少了正压通气时喉罩气囊周围的漏气,降低胃胀气发生率;I组无胃胀气发生。I组发生咽喉不适或疼痛例数明显少于Ⅱ组,说明LMA Supreme喉罩容易插入,咽喉部舒适度优越,气道发病率低[9]。
  综上所述,LMA Supreme喉罩全身麻醉血流动力学平稳,与气管插管比较可明显降低心血管反应,操作简单且并发症少,可安全有效地用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术。
  
  参考文献
  [1] Joffe AM, Liew EC. Intubation through the LMA-Supreme: a pilot study of two techniques in a manikin. Anaesth Intensive Care,2010,38(1):33-38.
  [2] Wilson IG, Fell D, Robinson SL, et al. Cardiovascular responses to insertion of the laryngeal mask.Anaesthesia,1992,47(4):300-302.
  [3] Maltby JR, Beriault MT, Watson NC, et al. LMA classic and LMA-ProSeal are effective alternatives to endotracheal intubation for gynecologic laparoscopy.Can J Anaesth, 2003,50(1):71-77.
  [4] Choyce A, Aviden MS,Harvey A, et al. The cardiovascular response to insertion of the intubating laryngeal mask airway. Anaesthesia, 2002,57(4):330-333.
  [5] Sharma V, Verghese C, McKenna PJ. Prospective audit on the use of the LMA-Supreme for airway management of adult patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery in prone position. Br J Anaesth. 2010,105(2):228-232.
  [6] Keller C, Brimacombe J, Bittersohl J, et al. Aspiration and the laryngeal mask airway: three cases and a review of the literature. Br J Anaesth,2004,93(4): 579-582.
  [7] Brain AJ, Verghese C, Addy EV, et al. The intubating laryngeal mask Ⅱ:a preliminary clinical report of a new means of intubating the trachea. Br J Anaesth,1997,79(6):704-709.
  [8] Cook TM, Gatward JJ, Handel J, et al. Evaluation of the LMA Supreme in 100 non-paralysed patients.Anaesthesia,2009,64(5):555-562.
  [9] Timmermann A, Cremer S, Eich C, et al. Prospective clinical and fiberoptic evaluation of the Supreme laryngeal mask airway. Anesthesiology, 2009,110(2):262-265.

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